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0 PUBLICATIONS IN OPERATIONS RESEARCH SERIES Saul I. Gass, Editor Volume I MANPOWER PLANNING MODELS Richard C. Grinold and Kneale T. Marshall Volume 2 FIRE DEPARTMENT DEPLOYMENT ANALYSIS The Rand Fire Project Volume 3 QUEUEING TABLES AND GRAPHS Fredericlc S. Hillier and Oliver S. Yu Volume 4 ADVANCED TECHNIQUES IN THE PRACTICE OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH Harvey J. Greenberg, Frederic H. Murphy, and Susan H. Shaw, Editors Volume 5 IMPACTS OF MICROCOMPUTERS ON OPERATIONS RESEARCH Saul I. Gass, Harvey J. Greenberg, Karla L. Hoffman, and R. Warren Langley, Editors Volume 6 A MATHEMATICAL ORGANIZATION THEORY R. F. Drenick Volume 7 FACILITIES LOCATION: MODELS AND METHODS Robert F. Love, James G. Morris, and George O. Wesolowsky FACILITIES LOCATION MODELS & METHODS Robert F. Love Department of Management Science and Information Systems Faculty of Business McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario James G. Morris Department of Quantitative Analysis School of Business University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, Wisconsin George O. Wesolowsky Department of Management Science and Information Systems Faculty of Business McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario North-Holland New York • Amsterdam • London
Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc. 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, New York 10017 Distributors outside the United States and Canada: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. P.O. Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands © 1988 by Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc. This book has been registered with the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. For further information, please contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., Salem, Massachusetts. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Love. Robert F. Facilities location. (Publications in operations research series; v. 7) Bibliography; p. Includes index. 1. Industry - Location - Mathematical models. I. Morris, I.G. (James G.) II. Wesolowsky, George O, III. Title. IV. Series. HD58.L68 1988 338.60420724 86-748 ISBN 0-444-01031-9 Composition by Impressions, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin. Current printing (last digit): 10 987654321 Manufactured in the United States of America To Our Parents
Contents Preface xi Chapter 1 The Nature of Facilities Location Problems 1 1.1 Distance Measures in Location Problems 5 1.2 Relevant Costs 7 1.3 Historical Perspective 7 Exercises 9 Reference Notes 9 Chapter 2 Introduction to Single-Facility Location 11 2.1 The Straight-Line Distance Problem 12 2.2 The Rectangular Distance Problem 18 2.3 The jP,, Distance Problem 23 Exercises 27 Reference Notes 31 Appendix 31 Chapter 3 Variations on the Single-Facility Model 37 3.1 Locating a Facility on a Sphere 38 3.2 Point and Area Destinations with Rectangular Distance 43 3.3 The Location of a Linear Facility 51 3.4 Single-Facility Dynamic Location 60 3.5 Probabilistic Destination Locations 66 Exercises 69
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