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10 Contents Part II

THE EXPERT WAY TO LOSE YOUR SAVINGS 65

4. Dangerous Forecasts 67

A Portrait of Dorian Guru 68

The Difficulties of Forecasting 73

Predictable Expert Errors 74

The Floor Becomes the Ceiling 75

A Multibillion-Dollar Slip in Investment Theory 76

Security Analysis-A Mission Impossible? 78

How Much Is Too Much? 79

A Surefire Way to Lose Money 84

5. Would You Play a 1 in 50 Billion Shot? 88

The Forecasting Follies 91

Missing the Bam Door 93

Analyst Forecasts in Booms and Busts 97

Was Forecasting in the Past Any Better? 99

What Does It All Mean? 100

Hey, m Special 102

Some Causes of Forecasting Errors 102

Career Pressures and Forecasts 104

Psychological Influences on AnalystsDecisions 107

Mr. Inside and Mn Outside 109

The Forecasters Plague 111

Analyst verconfidence 114

6. Nasty Surprises 117

Paying Through the Nose for Growth 118

The Many Faces of Surprise 119

What the Record Shows 119

Toute la Difference 123

The Effect of Positive Su rises 124

Calling In the Chips 126

Pulling the Trigger 129

Reinforcing Events 132

The Effects of Su rise Over Time 134

A Su rising Opportunity 136



Part III

THE WORLD OF CONTRARIAN INVESTING 1 37

7. Contrarian Investment Strategies 139

The World Turned Upside Do wn 140

In Visibility We Trust 141

In the Beginning ... 142

More Nasty, Ugly Little Facts 145

Whatever Took So Long? 149

The Great Discovery 151

The Last Nail 154

Summing it Up 158

8. Boosting Portfolio Profits 160

Strategy #1: Low P/E 160

Strategies #2 and #3: Price-to-Cash Flow and Price-to-Book Value 163

Strategy #4: Price-to-Dividend 167

Contrarian Stock Selection: A-B-C Rules 169

Should We Abandon Security Analysis Entirely? 170

An Eclectic Approach 171

To the Trenches 174

Using the Low P/E Strategy 174

The World of GARP 178

Using Low Price-to-Cash Flow 178

Time for a Miss 181

Price-to-Book Value Strategies 182

Price-to-Dividend 183

A Beneficial Side Effect 186

An Overview of the Eclectic Approach 186

Owning the Casino 186

Walking Away from the Chips 190

9. A New, Powerful Contrarian Approacli 193

Contrarian Strategies Within Industries 194

Why Buy the Cheapest Stocks in an Industry? 198

The Defensive Team: Part II 200

Buy-and-Weed Strategies 201

Where Do I Get My Statistics? 202

What Contrarian Strategies Wont Do for You 204



12 Contents

Alternatives to Contrarian Strategies 204 Mutual Funds 204

Closed-End Investment Companies 205 Foreign Country Funds: Myth and Reality 205 When to Sell? 210

10. Knowing Your Market Odds 214

Improving Your Market Odds 215

In Simplification We Believe 215

It Aint Necessarily So 216

The Law of Small Numbers 221

A Variation of the Previous Problem 224

Regression to the Mean 227

If It Looks Good, It Must Taste Good 230

On Shark Attacks and Falling 1 1 Parts 231

Anchoring and Hindsight Biases 233

Decisional Biases and Market Fashions 234

Shortcuts to Disaster 236

11. Profiting from Investor Overreaction 258

The Pervasiveness of Investor Overreaction 239

Junk Bonds: A Money-Making Overreaction 243

Eamings Su rise: Another Profitable Overreaction 245

The Investor Overreaction Hypothesis 246

Is It a Horse? 248

The Dark Side of the Moon 253

Other Voices 256

Regression to the Mean Revisited 256

Part IV

INVESTING IN THE 2Century 259

12. Crisis Investing 261

First: Know Your Enemy 261 Symptoms of a Crisis 264 Essentials for Crisis Investing 266 Hedging Your Bets 268 Panic 269

Value Lifelines in a Crisis 271



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